MEDIA literacy & Berlin

Критическое мышление - способ мышления, при котором человек ставит под сомнение поступающую информацию, собственные убеждения, некое «цифровое сопротивление», умение найти фактическую основу сообщения, способность сравнивать различные источники информации. Методология, которая используется для анализа вещей и событий с формулированием обоснованных выводов и позволяет выносить обоснованные оценки, интерпретации, а также корректно применять полученные результаты к ситуациям и проблемам.

Факт - единица информации, какое-то реальное событие, которое доказано/подтверждено различными источниками. Термин, в широком смысле может выступать как синоним истины; событие или результат; реальное, а не вымышленное; конкретное и единичное в противоположность общему и абстрактному. Различение факт/оценка.

Фальшивые (поддельные, «фейковые», ложные) новости, «фейк» - это информационная мистификация или намеренное распространение дезинформации в социальных медиа и традиционных СМИ с целью введения в заблуждение, для того чтобы получить финансовую или политическую выгоду, включая финансовую, политическую или тактическое превосходство. Антифакт.

Язык вражды или риторика ненависти - обобщённое обозначение языковых средств
выражения резко отрицательного отношения «оппонентов» — носителей иной
системы религиозных, национальных, культурных или же более специфических,
субкультурных ценностей.

Affinity Score means how "connected" a particular user is to the Edge. For example, I'm friends with my brother on Facebook. In addition, I write frequently on his wall, and we have fifty mutual friends. I have a very high affinity score with my brother, so Facebook knows I'll probably want to see his status updates.

Facebook calculates affinity score by looking at explicit actions that users take, and factoring in 1) the strength of the action, 2) how close the person who took the action was to you, and 3) how long ago they took the action.

Explicit actions include clicking, liking, commenting, tagging, sharing, and friending. Each of these interactions has a different weight that reflects the effort required for the action--more effort from the user demonstrates more interest in the content. Commenting on something is worth more than merely liking it, which is worth more than merely clicking on it. Passively viewing a status update in your newsfeed does not count toward affinity score unless you interact with it.

Affinity score measures not only my actions, but also my friends' actions, and their friends' actions. For example, if I commented on a fan page, it's worth more than if my friend commented, which is worth more than if a friend of a friend commented. Not all friends' actions are treated equally. If I click on someone's status updates and write on their wall regularly, that person's actions influence my affinity score significantly more than another friend who I tend to ignore.

Lastly, if I used to interact with someone a lot, but less so now, then their influence will start to wane. Technically, Facebook is just multiplying each action by 1/x, where x is the time since the action happened.

Affinity score is one-way. My brother has a different affinity score to me than I have to him. If I write on my brother's wall, Facebook knows I care about my brother, but doesn't know if my brother cares about me.

This may sound confusing, but it's mostly common sense.

Each category of edges has a different default weight. In plain English, this means that comments are worth more than likes.

Every action that a user takes creates an edge, and each of those edges, except for clicks, creates a potential story. By default, you are more likely to see a story in your newsfeed about me commenting on a fan page than a story about me liking a fan page.

Facebook changes the edge weights to reflect which type of stories they think user will find most engaging. For example, photos and videos have a higher weight than links. Conceivably, this could be adjusted on a per-user level--if Sam tends to comment on photos, and Michelle comments on links, then Sam will have a higher Edge weight for photos and Michelle will have a higher Edge weight for links. It's not clear if Facebook does this or not.

As a sidenote, Facebook may actually rank the act of commenting, liking, visiting a fan page, or even fanning a page differently depending on the source. For example, becoming a fan via an ad may have a lower Edge score than becoming a fan by searching for the fan page and then becoming a fan. This makes intuitive sense--the one user is hunting for the page and generally will care more about page stories than someone who had an ad thrust in their face. There is no conclusive proof of this though.

New Facebook features generally have a high Edge weight in order to promote the feature to users. For example, when Facebook Places rolled out, check-ins had a very high default weight for a few months and your newsfeed was probably inundated with stories like "John checked into Old Navy." Generally, after a few weeks or months Facebook dials the new feature back to a more reasonable weight.

As a story gets older, it loses points because it's "old news."

EdgeRank is a running score--not a one-time score. When a user logs into Facebook, their newsfeed is populated with edges that have the highest score at that very moment in time. Your status update will only hit the newsfeed if it has a higher score--at that moment in time--than the other possible newsfeed stories.

Facebook is just multiplying the story by 1/x, where x is the time since the action happened. This may be a linear decay function, or it may be exponential--it's not clear.

Additionally, Facebook seems to be adjusting this time-decay factor based on 1) how long since the user last logged into Facebook, and 2) how frequently the user logs into Facebook. It's not clear how exactly this works, but my experiments have shown time-decay changes if I log into Facebook more.